基于RS与GIS的山东某煤矿区历史遗留损毁土地调查

我国地域辽阔，但可利用土地资源少，同时由于生产建设和自然灾害等，造成许多优质土地资源损毁。调查清楚土地损毁情况，采取针对性的土地复垦措施，在目前经济发展中显得尤为迫切。以山东某矿区为例，确定了历史遗留损毁土地的划定依据，利用RS与GIS等技术手段对矿区进行地表沉陷预计，用遥感影像提取土地利用变化情况，得到了历史遗留损毁土地的位置、面积和损毁类型等信息，为后期土地复垦与规划提供参考。      

利用MAS技术改良香稻‘R15’的直链淀粉含量

R15是适应性较广,产量较高的中熟晚籼香稻品系,但由于含有Wx^a基因,其直链淀粉含量高达23.5%,严重影响食用口感。因此,我们以含有Wx^b等位基因的不育系Y58S为供体,通过杂交、回交,利用RAD测序技术、分子标记辅助筛选等技术,经过8个世代的筛选,成功用Wx^b基因替换掉R15中的Wx^a基因,培育出1个新的纯合株系——‘深华R16’,其染色体上有10882234 bp长度的碱基,基因型和供体亲本‘Y58S’一致,占2.92%;有362363285 bp长度的DNA片段基因型和受体亲本‘R15’一致,占97.08%;其直链淀粉含量为14%。将‘Y58S’分别与‘深华R16’和‘R15’进行组配,结果表明,‘Y58S’/‘深华R16’组合的直链淀粉含量(13.9%)低于‘Y58S’/‘R15’组合的直链淀粉含量(19.9%),其它米质性状与农艺性状基本一致。本研究为分子标记辅助育种提供了新思路,培育出一新的水稻品系。     

人参/西洋参枯叶病缓解实验

通过各供试药剂在西洋参枯叶病上的使用,验证各供试药剂对西洋参枯叶病的缓解作用。结果表明,参多乐450倍液+益微450倍液对西洋参枯叶病缓解效果突出,在一定程度上解决了枯叶病给西洋参带来的危害。且该配方在人参上同样适用。     

禾谷镰孢菌FGSG＿09482基因功能初探

为研究禾谷镰孢菌FGSG09482基因的生物学功能,以禾谷镰孢菌为试材,采用Split-Marker基因敲除技术构建基因敲除盒,PEG (聚乙二醇)介导转化法转化禾谷镰孢菌原生质体,在含有潮霉素的培养基上培养筛选,获得FGSG09482基因敲除突变株。通过观察比较其敲除突变体表型,从而分析鉴定该基因的生物学功能。结果表明:以野生型PH-1作为对照,敲除突变体的菌落形态没有明显变化,分生孢子形态没有明显差异,培养滤液颜色没有明显区别。分生孢子侵染番茄果实实验表明,以番茄果实为侵染宿主,对比野生型PH-1,突变体致病力没有减弱。但突变体菌落的生长速率滞后于野生型PH-1;敲除突变体的产孢量低于野生型PH-1;有性杂交实验表明,敲除突变体几乎不产生子囊壳,野生型PH-1可以。本研究初步表明,FGSG09482基因对禾谷镰孢菌菌落的生长速率有一定的调控作用;对禾谷镰孢菌的分生孢子的产量、子囊壳的产生也有影响,推测FGSG09482基因可能与禾谷镰孢菌有性生殖、无性生殖过程相关。     

Effects of dietary fish oil replacement with blended vegetable oils on growth,lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity of subadult swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus

A 120‐day trial was conducted to assess the effects of dietary fish oil replacement with vegetable oils on growth, lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity of subadult swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to replace 0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000g/kg of fish oil with a mixture of soybean and rapeseed oil (defined as D1–D5), and each treatment had 30 replicate crabs. Dietary fish oil replacement had no significant effects on growth of the crabs, while the D3 had the highest hepatosomatic index and total lipids in hepatopancreas. The triglyceride and lipase activities in hepatopancreas increased significantly with increasing dietary fish oil replacement. The D4 had the highest levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) in the hepatopancreas, as well as the haemolymph ALP, ACP and peroxidase. The highest levels of haemolymph total antioxidant capacity, catalase and malondialdehyde were detected in D1. Total n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids levels in hepatopancreas decreased significantly with increasing dietary fish oil replacement. In conclusion, dietary fish oil replacement had no significant effects on growth of P. trituberculatus, and 500g/kg of fish oil replacement could improve antioxidant capacity, but excessive replacement level will enhance lipid accumulation and peroxidation in the hepatopancreas.     

Effects of Addition of Three Types of Biochar on the Soil Nitrogen Balance and Cotton Yield

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of biochar addition on the soil N balance and cotton yield in a drip-irrigated cotton field. The experiment included four soil amendments: control, cotton straw biochar, corn cob biochar, and poultry manure biochar. The biochar was applied at a rate of 4.5 t·hm^－2 except control. The results showed that all three types of biochar significantly reduced both the apparent soil N loss and the N surplus. The effect of cotton straw biochar treatment was most significant, relative to the control. Plant nitrogen uptake differed significantly between the different treatments, decreasing in the order cotton straw biochar > poultry manure biochar > corn cob biochar. Cotton yield also differed significantly between the different treatments, decreasing in the order poultry manure biochar > corn cob biochar, and cotton straw biochar.     

自动清粪机器人路径规划方法的研究与实现

自动清粪机器人的工作环境复杂,不仅有静态障碍物(如牛栏),且动态障碍物众多(如人和牲畜等)。为此,提出了一种基于行为方法的路径规划法。该方法非常适合于动态环境下机器人的运动规划,其原理简单、计算快捷、容易实现。根据该算法,确立了一套完整的软件系统和设计方案,并在此基础上制造出了样机。经过样机在奶牛养殖场的工作和测试,验证了该方法的实时性、准确性和可操作性。     

青贮添加剂喷洒装置自动控制仪的研制

介绍了一种用于实现铡草机和青贮添加剂喷洒装置相联动的自动控制仪的工作原理和硬、软件设计。该控制仪可根据铡草机实时喂入量的大小自动调节喷洒装置的喷洒量 ,以保持草液比基本不变。测试表明 :该控制仪喂入量测试误差小于 (等于 )± 13%、喷洒量控制误差小于 (等于 )± 2 %、喷洒均匀性误差小于 (等于 )± 8%、控制周期小于 (等于 ) 1.5 s